专利法英语
⑴ 我想知道美国著作权法、专利法、商标法的发展，详细点，如果能有英文翻译最好，谁可以帮帮我
英日对照翻译的美国知识产权法介绍，希望对你有用
アメリカ知财戦略の基础知识 (BASICS OF US IP STRATEGY)
Four Types of Intellectual Property （4种类の知的财产権）
Patents （特许）
Trademarks（商标）
Copyright（著作権）
Trade Secrets（トレードシークレット）
What is Patent?（特许とは何か）
Definition of patent（特许の定义）
The right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the invention throughout the United States
Limitations of patent （特许権の限界）
Geographical（地理的限界）
A patent issued by one country cannot be enforced in another – the inventor or its assignee must apply in each country in which patent protection is desired
Time（时间的限界）
A patent is enforceable for a limited period; 20 years from filing date for most types, 14 years for any new, original and ornamental design for an article of manufacture
What is patentable? （何が特许の対象となるか）
Processes（プロセス、方法）
Apparatus（机械）
Manufactured goods（制品）
Compositions of matters （组成物）(such as chemical compounds)
What are the requirements? （特许要件は何か）
An invention must be
Novel （新规性）
non-obvious（非自明性）
Useful（有用性）
One Year Time Limits for Filing in US （1年间のアメリカにおける特许出愿期间）
An application must be filed within one year of the earliest of any of the following:
the date that the invention is offered for sale or sold in the United States.
the date that the invention is used in public in the United States;
the date that the invention is published anywhere in the world;
Steps for Obtaining a Patent in US （特许取得までの流れ）
Consulting with a patent attorney
Concting a patentability search on the invention
Preparing a disclosure of the invention
Preparing and filing patent application in the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO)
Examination by PTO and PTO’s office action
Publication in 18 months after filing date
Submitting responses
Notice of Allowance by PTO and payment of an issue fee
Issuance of patent
Who Owns an Invention? （谁が発明の所有者か）
Between employer and employee（雇用者と従业员间）
Without written assignment or implied-in-fact assignment (in the case that an employee was hired for the specific purpose of the invention), an employee owns the invention
Employer obtains only a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the invention （Shop Right）
Importance of a written assignment agreement
Who Owns an Invention? （谁が発明の所有者か）
Between co-inventors or co-developers（共同発明家、开発者间）
Without an agreement, each joint inventor or each joint developer has a full right to the invention
Two companies end up as joint owners of the invention and any resulting patent
Each company may use it freely
Importance of a written agreement regarding which party owns it, how they can use the invention, how they can exploit the invention, and how they will share profit
What is a Trade Secret? （トレードシークレットとは何か）
Information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program device, method, technique, or process, that are protected by trade secret law.
Such as know-how (e.g.manufacturing techniques); business information (e.g. new proct information, business methods, source of supply, customers lists, and even knowledge of a particular customer’s needs), and ideas (e.g. innovations relating to new technology and manufacturing methods).
Example:
CoCa Cola Formula(コカコーラの原液の组成）
Three Conditions for Protection （保护のための3つの要件）
The information must not be “generally known” or “readily ascertainable” through proper means. （一般に知られていないこと）
The information must have “independent economic value” e to its secrecy. （秘密にすることに経済的価値があること）
The trade secret holder must use reasonable efforts under the circumstances to protect the secrecy of the information.（秘密を守ることに合理的な努力をしていること）
Reasonable Measures to Keep Secret （秘密を守る合理的な方法）
A trade secret holder must use “reasonable measures under the circumstances” to protect the confidentiality of the information.
Two Protection Measures （2种类の保护制度）
Two broad categories of measures that a business can take to protect the secrecy of its trade secrets:
physical security measures （物理的秘密保护制度）, and
notice measures（通知による秘密保护制度）.
Physical security measures prevent people who do not need to know the information from coming in contact with the information (e.g., confidentiality barriers).
Notice measures put persons who come in contact with the information on notice that the information is to remain secret.
Physical Security Measures （物理的秘密保护制度）
A business should:
determine how information flows into, through and out of the business;
place physical security barriers wherever reasonable; and
seek to preclude access by all those who do not need to know the information.
Notice Measures （通知による秘密保护制度）
Generally, an employee will not be held responsible for keeping information confidential if the employer has not expressed any desire to keep the information confidential. Therefore, all employees (and others) with access to confidential information should be given express notice as to what information is to remain confidential.
Notice Measures （通知による秘密保护制度）
Choose proceres that will be easy to show to a court (i.e., leave a paper trail wherever possible).
Any communication that identifies either what information is confidential or how to handle confidential information will work as a notice measure (e.g., employee handbooks, memoranm,, newsletters, and signs).
Notice Measures （通知による秘密保护制度）
Non-Disclosure Agreement（秘密保持契约） Should be Signed
Trade secrets are often lost through disclosures in the absence of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA).
NDA for Employees
NDA for Business Partner
Trade Secret Protection （トレードシークレットの保护内容）
Trade secret law prevents misappropriation (i.e., wrongful taking of trade secret information).
A wrongful taking can occur in a variety of manners.
For example, the taking of information would be wrongful when the taking is a: breach of contract, breach of ficiary obligation, theft, or other legal wrong.
Injunctive Relief and Damages
Patent vs. Trade Secret （特许とトレードシークレット）
Patent advantages(特许の长所）
Perfect exclusivity – you can stop others from using the invention even if others independently developed the invention
Patent disadvantages（特许の短所）
Limited period of protection
Discloses technology
Patent vs. Trade Secret （特许とトレードシークレット）
Trade secret advantages（トレードシークレットの长所）
Unlimited period of protection
Inventions maintained in secrecy
Trade secret disadvantages（トレードシークレットの短所）
Cannot stop others form using the invention if it was independently developed by the others or if it was discovered by reverse engineering.
Easily lost if it is disclosed to public
A third-party patentee could stop a trade secret owner from performing a trade secret, even if the trade secret owner invented (but never disclosed) first
What is Copyright? （著作権とは何か）
A Copyright is an intellectual property right to protect the tangible expression of ideas（具体的な考えの表现）, not to protect an idea itself.
For example, a right protects an author of a book from having the work copied but does not protect the author from having the ideas disclosed in the book utilized.
Subject Matter of Copyright （著作権の対象）
(1) literary works（文芸著作物）;
(2) musical works, including accompanying words（音楽著作物）;
(3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music（演剧著作物）;
(4) pantomimes and choreographic works（舞踏振り付けの著作物）;
(5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works（図画雕刻著作物）;
(6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works（动画视聴覚著作物）;
(7) sound recordings（录音著作物）; and
(8) architectural works（建筑著作物）.
Subject Matter of Copyright （著作権の対象）
Computer Programs/Software（コンピュータープログラム、ソフトウエア－）:
Prior to 1980 courts generally viewed computer programs as literary works protected by right as literary works. A 1980 amendment to the Copyright Act extended right protection to computer programs, which it defined as “a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer to bring about a certain result.”
Subject Matter of Copyright （著作権の対象）
Derivative Works（派生著作物）
A “derivative work” is a work based upon preexisting material to which enough original creative work has been added so that the new work represents an original work of authorship.
Examples of a derivative work include an English translation of a book written in Japanese, a movie based on a book, and a jazz version of a pop song.
Remaking right (リメーク権） is one type of rights to derivative works.
How to obtain a Copyright （著作権の取得方法）
A right starts to exist as soon as a work of expression is rendered in some fixed, tangible form, such as a book, word processor file, audio recording, digital recording, etc.
A registration is not required for a valid US right.
How to obtain a Copyright （著作権の取得方法）
Two Requirements of Copyrightability(著作権の2要件）
(1) Fixation（固定性）. The work must be fixed in a tangible medium of expression. That means it must be reced to some physical form or representation “sufficiently permanent or stable to permit it to be perceived, reproced or otherwise communicated for a period of more than transitory ration.”
How to obtain a Copyright （著作権の取得方法）
(2) Originality（独创性）. There are two aspects to originality – independent creation and a modest quantum of creativity:
A. Independent Creation（独立した创造）. This condition is met if the work was not copied from another work. This condition does not require the work to be new, novel, or unique.
B. Quantum of Creativity（わずかの创造性）. This condition is met if the work demonstrates a minimal amount of creative authorship. Artistic merit or aesthetic value is not required.
很遗憾字数超过了 你给我邮箱吧
⑵ 英语是西方国家的专利，那中国的英文是怎么来的呢
首先英语不是一种专利，只是一种语言。中国定位英文也是向西方国家学习来的。就像老外学我们中文一样。
⑶ 该专利法不承认药品的产品专利，仅承认方法上的专利。这句话英语怎么说
The patent law does not recognize the patent of pharmaceutical procts, but the method of it.
⑷ 请问“药品审批上市”和“专利法修改草案”英文怎么说
药品审批上市
Drugs examination going on the market
专利法修改草案
The exclusive law the revised draft
保护期限20年是不合理的
The protection deadline 20 years are unreasonable
该草案预计明年3月份版提交全国人大讨论权，最早可望于明年开始实施。
This draft estimated the next year March will submit National People's Congress to discuss, will hope in the next year to start most early to implement.
⑸ 英语翻译
发明家了希望对商业方法专利
2010年7月日
这是VOA特别英语的经济报道。
最近，美国最高法院决定对发明者的知识产权案件。问题是，商业方法是否是一项发明专利获得足够。专利是知识产权的形式。他们提供法律保护的个人和反对他们的发明复制公司。
伯纳德Bilski和兰德华沙想一个方法专利保护，让投资者对在能源市场价格变动的风险。美国专利和商标局说没有。
因此，发明人走上法庭。他们再次被告知没有。最后，这个案子一直到最高法院。上个月，所有9名法官说没有。
但他们只是说没有在这种情况下专利。专利律师马丁阿迪梅雷迪斯解释说，在芝加哥法院裁定狭隘。
梅勒迪斯丁阿迪：“最高法院认为，没有明确规定不让商业方法专利的专利保护。”
当最初制定专利法，专利最多的机器。但19世纪90年代末以来，业务方法和流程发明家日益寻求专利保护。
科技公司，特别是软件厂商，看着如此密切。他们担心，最高法院将需要某种形式的，可以限制什么可以申请专利的考验。
在其裁决中，法院决定对专利，只是因为当时的想法是过于抽象。法律教授迈克尔梅尔美国波士顿大学给出了一个从物理有名的例子。它涉及到能源的关系，质量和光速的速度，用C写的信
麦梅尔说：“最高法院说，例如，如果爱因斯坦决心= MC的平方 - 他没有 - 他永远不会已经能够得到一个关于该专利的E。这是过于抽象。”
在Bilski案案件中，法院说专利审查员可考虑所谓的机器或转化试验著名。这是一个应给予专利就像一个化学过程，机器或东西，创建一个重大的转变，观念。
但是，大多数的法官也表示，专利审查员必须保护创新。专利律师梅勒迪斯马丁阿迪说，没有人想压制创造力。
梅勒迪斯丁阿迪：“你可以有这种测试，但它不能成为一个因为它的专利法是保护发明新的和未知的自然独占的考验。”
现在，更多的情况下将需要界定商业方法专利的法律限制。这些专利已经存在。今年3月，例如，经过重新审查，Amazon.com收到了一个订购流程单击一个专利。
这就是VOA特别英语的经济报告，是由Mario Ritter编写的。我是史蒂夫恩贝尔。
⑹ “专利”的英文是什么
“专利”的英文是patent。
专利(patent)，从字面上是指专有的权利和利益。"专利"一词来源于拉丁语Litterae patentes，意为公开的信件或公共文献，是中世纪的君主用来颁布某种特权的证明，后来指英国国王亲自签署的独占权利证书。
在现代，专利一般是由政府机关或者代表若干国家的区域性组织根据申请而颁发的一种文件，这种文件记载了发明创造的内容，并且在一定时期内产生这样一种法律状态，即获得专利的发明创造在一般情况下他人只有经专利权人许可才能予以实施。
(6)专利法英语扩展阅读：
专利的法律含义：
专利是受法律规范保护的发明创造，它是指一项发明创造向国家审批机关提出专利申请，经依法审查合格后向专利申请人授予的在规定的时间内对该项发明创造享有的专有权。
专利权是一种专有权，这种权利具有独占的排他性。非专利权人要想使用他人的专利技术，必须依法征得专利权人的同意或许可。
一个国家依照其专利法授予的专利权，仅在该国法律的管辖的范围内有效，对其他国家没有任何约束力，外国对其专利权不承担保护的义务，如果一项发明创造只在我国取得专利权，那么专利权人只在我国享有独占权或专有权。
专利权的法律保护具有时间性，中国的发明专利权期限为二十年，实用新型专利权和外观设计专利权期限为十年，均自申请日起计算。
专利号一定是ZL开头
专利的两个最基本的特征就是"独占"与"公开"，以"公开"换取"独占"是专利制度最基本的核心，这分别代表了权利与义务的两面。
"独占"是指法律授予技术发明人在一段时间内享有排他性的独占权利;"公开"是指技术发明人作为对法律授予其独占权的回报而将其技术公之于众人，使社会公众可以通过正常的渠道获得有关专利技术的信息。
⑺ 请问最新的商标法、专利法、著作权法英文版和中英对照版在哪里买汇编在一起的也可以，谢谢@！
中国法律出版社
这个单位可以试试
⑻ 英文版专利申请怎么写
根据您要申请的国家有关，每个国家的专利法有差别，对申请文件的撰写要求也不一样，国外申请费用高，建议请专业代理人撰写，以保证撰写质量并与对方国家专利法相符。否则，申请后国外专利律师的费用与国内代理费有数量级的差别。
⑼ 侵犯专利权行为英文怎么写
patent infringement
[例句] 假冒他人专利、冒充专利与侵犯专利权行为辨析&兼谈回专利法第三次修答改
Discrimination between Counterfeiting Other 's Patent , Imitating Patent and Patent Tort & Concurrently Talking About the 3rd Revision of the PatentLaw