專利法英語
⑴ 我想知道美國著作權法、專利法、商標法的發展，詳細點，如果能有英文翻譯最好，誰可以幫幫我
英日對照翻譯的美國知識產權法介紹，希望對你有用
アメリカ知財戦略の基礎知識 (BASICS OF US IP STRATEGY)
Four Types of Intellectual Property （4種類の知的財產権）
Patents （特許）
Trademarks（商標）
Copyright（著作権）
Trade Secrets（トレードシークレット）
What is Patent?（特許とは何か）
Definition of patent（特許の定義）
The right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the invention throughout the United States
Limitations of patent （特許権の限界）
Geographical（地理的限界）
A patent issued by one country cannot be enforced in another – the inventor or its assignee must apply in each country in which patent protection is desired
Time（時間的限界）
A patent is enforceable for a limited period; 20 years from filing date for most types, 14 years for any new, original and ornamental design for an article of manufacture
What is patentable? （何が特許の対象となるか）
Processes（プロセス、方法）
Apparatus（機械）
Manufactured goods（製品）
Compositions of matters （組成物）(such as chemical compounds)
What are the requirements? （特許要件は何か）
An invention must be
Novel （新規性）
non-obvious（非自明性）
Useful（有用性）
One Year Time Limits for Filing in US （1年間のアメリカにおける特許出願期間）
An application must be filed within one year of the earliest of any of the following:
the date that the invention is offered for sale or sold in the United States.
the date that the invention is used in public in the United States;
the date that the invention is published anywhere in the world;
Steps for Obtaining a Patent in US （特許取得までの流れ）
Consulting with a patent attorney
Concting a patentability search on the invention
Preparing a disclosure of the invention
Preparing and filing patent application in the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO)
Examination by PTO and PTO』s office action
Publication in 18 months after filing date
Submitting responses
Notice of Allowance by PTO and payment of an issue fee
Issuance of patent
Who Owns an Invention? （誰が発明の所有者か）
Between employer and employee（僱用者と従業員間）
Without written assignment or implied-in-fact assignment (in the case that an employee was hired for the specific purpose of the invention), an employee owns the invention
Employer obtains only a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the invention （Shop Right）
Importance of a written assignment agreement
Who Owns an Invention? （誰が発明の所有者か）
Between co-inventors or co-developers（共同発明家、開発者間）
Without an agreement, each joint inventor or each joint developer has a full right to the invention
Two companies end up as joint owners of the invention and any resulting patent
Each company may use it freely
Importance of a written agreement regarding which party owns it, how they can use the invention, how they can exploit the invention, and how they will share profit
What is a Trade Secret? （トレードシークレットとは何か）
Information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program device, method, technique, or process, that are protected by trade secret law.
Such as know-how (e.g.manufacturing techniques); business information (e.g. new proct information, business methods, source of supply, customers lists, and even knowledge of a particular customer』s needs), and ideas (e.g. innovations relating to new technology and manufacturing methods).
Example:
CoCa Cola Formula(コカコーラの原液の組成）
Three Conditions for Protection （保護のための3つの要件）
The information must not be 「generally known」 or 「readily ascertainable」 through proper means. （一般に知られていないこと）
The information must have 「independent economic value」 e to its secrecy. （秘密にすることに経済的価値があること）
The trade secret holder must use reasonable efforts under the circumstances to protect the secrecy of the information.（秘密を守ることに合理的な努力をしていること）
Reasonable Measures to Keep Secret （秘密を守る合理的な方法）
A trade secret holder must use 「reasonable measures under the circumstances」 to protect the confidentiality of the information.
Two Protection Measures （2種類の保護制度）
Two broad categories of measures that a business can take to protect the secrecy of its trade secrets:
physical security measures （物理的秘密保護制度）, and
notice measures（通知による秘密保護制度）.
Physical security measures prevent people who do not need to know the information from coming in contact with the information (e.g., confidentiality barriers).
Notice measures put persons who come in contact with the information on notice that the information is to remain secret.
Physical Security Measures （物理的秘密保護制度）
A business should:
determine how information flows into, through and out of the business;
place physical security barriers wherever reasonable; and
seek to preclude access by all those who do not need to know the information.
Notice Measures （通知による秘密保護制度）
Generally, an employee will not be held responsible for keeping information confidential if the employer has not expressed any desire to keep the information confidential. Therefore, all employees (and others) with access to confidential information should be given express notice as to what information is to remain confidential.
Notice Measures （通知による秘密保護制度）
Choose proceres that will be easy to show to a court (i.e., leave a paper trail wherever possible).
Any communication that identifies either what information is confidential or how to handle confidential information will work as a notice measure (e.g., employee handbooks, memoranm,, newsletters, and signs).
Notice Measures （通知による秘密保護制度）
Non-Disclosure Agreement（秘密保持契約） Should be Signed
Trade secrets are often lost through disclosures in the absence of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA).
NDA for Employees
NDA for Business Partner
Trade Secret Protection （トレードシークレットの保護內容）
Trade secret law prevents misappropriation (i.e., wrongful taking of trade secret information).
A wrongful taking can occur in a variety of manners.
For example, the taking of information would be wrongful when the taking is a: breach of contract, breach of ficiary obligation, theft, or other legal wrong.
Injunctive Relief and Damages
Patent vs. Trade Secret （特許とトレードシークレット）
Patent advantages(特許の長所）
Perfect exclusivity – you can stop others from using the invention even if others independently developed the invention
Patent disadvantages（特許の短所）
Limited period of protection
Discloses technology
Patent vs. Trade Secret （特許とトレードシークレット）
Trade secret advantages（トレードシークレットの長所）
Unlimited period of protection
Inventions maintained in secrecy
Trade secret disadvantages（トレードシークレットの短所）
Cannot stop others form using the invention if it was independently developed by the others or if it was discovered by reverse engineering.
Easily lost if it is disclosed to public
A third-party patentee could stop a trade secret owner from performing a trade secret, even if the trade secret owner invented (but never disclosed) first
What is Copyright? （著作権とは何か）
A Copyright is an intellectual property right to protect the tangible expression of ideas（具體的な考えの表現）, not to protect an idea itself.
For example, a right protects an author of a book from having the work copied but does not protect the author from having the ideas disclosed in the book utilized.
Subject Matter of Copyright （著作権の対象）
(1) literary works（文芸著作物）;
(2) musical works, including accompanying words（音楽著作物）;
(3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music（演劇著作物）;
(4) pantomimes and choreographic works（舞踏振り付けの著作物）;
(5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works（図畫雕刻著作物）;
(6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works（動畫視聴覚著作物）;
(7) sound recordings（錄音著作物）; and
(8) architectural works（建築著作物）.
Subject Matter of Copyright （著作権の対象）
Computer Programs/Software（コンピュータープログラム、ソフトウエア－）:
Prior to 1980 courts generally viewed computer programs as literary works protected by right as literary works. A 1980 amendment to the Copyright Act extended right protection to computer programs, which it defined as 「a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer to bring about a certain result.」
Subject Matter of Copyright （著作権の対象）
Derivative Works（派生著作物）
A 「derivative work」 is a work based upon preexisting material to which enough original creative work has been added so that the new work represents an original work of authorship.
Examples of a derivative work include an English translation of a book written in Japanese, a movie based on a book, and a jazz version of a pop song.
Remaking right (リメーク権） is one type of rights to derivative works.
How to obtain a Copyright （著作権の取得方法）
A right starts to exist as soon as a work of expression is rendered in some fixed, tangible form, such as a book, word processor file, audio recording, digital recording, etc.
A registration is not required for a valid US right.
How to obtain a Copyright （著作権の取得方法）
Two Requirements of Copyrightability(著作権の2要件）
(1) Fixation（固定性）. The work must be fixed in a tangible medium of expression. That means it must be reced to some physical form or representation 「sufficiently permanent or stable to permit it to be perceived, reproced or otherwise communicated for a period of more than transitory ration.」
How to obtain a Copyright （著作権の取得方法）
(2) Originality（獨創性）. There are two aspects to originality – independent creation and a modest quantum of creativity:
A. Independent Creation（獨立した創造）. This condition is met if the work was not copied from another work. This condition does not require the work to be new, novel, or unique.
B. Quantum of Creativity（わずかの創造性）. This condition is met if the work demonstrates a minimal amount of creative authorship. Artistic merit or aesthetic value is not required.
很遺憾字數超過了 你給我郵箱吧
⑵ 英語是西方國家的專利，那中國的英文是怎麼來的呢
首先英語不是一種專利，只是一種語言。中國定位英文也是向西方國家學習來的。就像老外學我們中文一樣。
⑶ 該專利法不承認葯品的產品專利，僅承認方法上的專利。這句話英語怎麼說
The patent law does not recognize the patent of pharmaceutical procts, but the method of it.
⑷ 請問「葯品審批上市」和「專利法修改草案」英文怎麼說
葯品審批上市
Drugs examination going on the market
專利法修改草案
The exclusive law the revised draft
保護期限20年是不合理的
The protection deadline 20 years are unreasonable
該草案預計明年3月份版提交全國人大討論權，最早可望於明年開始實施。
This draft estimated the next year March will submit National People's Congress to discuss, will hope in the next year to start most early to implement.
⑸ 英語翻譯
發明家了希望對商業方法專利
2010年7月日
這是VOA特別英語的經濟報道。
最近，美國最高法院決定對發明者的知識產權案件。問題是，商業方法是否是一項發明專利獲得足夠。專利是知識產權的形式。他們提供法律保護的個人和反對他們的發明復制公司。
伯納德Bilski和蘭德華沙想一個方法專利保護，讓投資者對在能源市場價格變動的風險。美國專利和商標局說沒有。
因此，發明人走上法庭。他們再次被告知沒有。最後，這個案子一直到最高法院。上個月，所有9名法官說沒有。
但他們只是說沒有在這種情況下專利。專利律師馬丁阿迪梅雷迪斯解釋說，在芝加哥法院裁定狹隘。
梅勒迪斯丁阿迪：「最高法院認為，沒有明確規定不讓商業方法專利的專利保護。」
當最初制定專利法，專利最多的機器。但19世紀90年代末以來，業務方法和流程發明家日益尋求專利保護。
科技公司，特別是軟體廠商，看著如此密切。他們擔心，最高法院將需要某種形式的，可以限制什麼可以申請專利的考驗。
在其裁決中，法院決定對專利，只是因為當時的想法是過於抽象。法律教授邁克爾梅爾美國波士頓大學給出了一個從物理有名的例子。它涉及到能源的關系，質量和光速的速度，用C寫的信
麥梅爾說：「最高法院說，例如，如果愛因斯坦決心= MC的平方 - 他沒有 - 他永遠不會已經能夠得到一個關於該專利的E。這是過於抽象。」
在Bilski案案件中，法院說專利審查員可考慮所謂的機器或轉化試驗著名。這是一個應給予專利就像一個化學過程，機器或東西，創建一個重大的轉變，觀念。
但是，大多數的法官也表示，專利審查員必須保護創新。專利律師梅勒迪斯馬丁阿迪說，沒有人想壓制創造力。
梅勒迪斯丁阿迪：「你可以有這種測試，但它不能成為一個因為它的專利法是保護發明新的和未知的自然獨占的考驗。」
現在，更多的情況下將需要界定商業方法專利的法律限制。這些專利已經存在。今年3月，例如，經過重新審查，Amazon.com收到了一個訂購流程單擊一個專利。
這就是VOA特別英語的經濟報告，是由Mario Ritter編寫的。我是史蒂夫恩貝爾。
⑹ 「專利」的英文是什麼
「專利」的英文是patent。
專利(patent)，從字面上是指專有的權利和利益。"專利"一詞來源於拉丁語Litterae patentes，意為公開的信件或公共文獻，是中世紀的君主用來頒布某種特權的證明，後來指英國國王親自簽署的獨占權利證書。
在現代，專利一般是由政府機關或者代表若干國家的區域性組織根據申請而頒發的一種文件，這種文件記載了發明創造的內容，並且在一定時期內產生這樣一種法律狀態，即獲得專利的發明創造在一般情況下他人只有經專利權人許可才能予以實施。
(6)專利法英語擴展閱讀：
專利的法律含義：
專利是受法律規范保護的發明創造，它是指一項發明創造向國家審批機關提出專利申請，經依法審查合格後向專利申請人授予的在規定的時間內對該項發明創造享有的專有權。
專利權是一種專有權，這種權利具有獨占的排他性。非專利權人要想使用他人的專利技術，必須依法徵得專利權人的同意或許可。
一個國家依照其專利法授予的專利權，僅在該國法律的管轄的范圍內有效，對其他國家沒有任何約束力，外國對其專利權不承擔保護的義務，如果一項發明創造只在我國取得專利權，那麼專利權人只在我國享有獨占權或專有權。
專利權的法律保護具有時間性，中國的發明專利權期限為二十年，實用新型專利權和外觀設計專利權期限為十年，均自申請日起計算。
專利號一定是ZL開頭
專利的兩個最基本的特徵就是"獨占"與"公開"，以"公開"換取"獨占"是專利制度最基本的核心，這分別代表了權利與義務的兩面。
"獨占"是指法律授予技術發明人在一段時間內享有排他性的獨占權利;"公開"是指技術發明人作為對法律授予其獨占權的回報而將其技術公之於眾人，使社會公眾可以通過正常的渠道獲得有關專利技術的信息。
⑺ 請問最新的商標法、專利法、著作權法英文版和中英對照版在哪裡買匯編在一起的也可以，謝謝@！
中國法律出版社
這個單位可以試試
⑻ 英文版專利申請怎麼寫
根據您要申請的國家有關，每個國家的專利法有差別，對申請文件的撰寫要求也不一樣，國外申請費用高，建議請專業代理人撰寫，以保證撰寫質量並與對方國家專利法相符。否則，申請後國外專利律師的費用與國內代理費有數量級的差別。
⑼ 侵犯專利權行為英文怎麼寫
patent infringement
[例句] 假冒他人專利、冒充專利與侵犯專利權行為辨析&兼談回專利法第三次修答改
Discrimination between Counterfeiting Other 's Patent , Imitating Patent and Patent Tort & Concurrently Talking About the 3rd Revision of the PatentLaw